Water-bird Sanctuaries in India
There are sanctuaries for nesting water-birds all over India. These
are often of considerable antiquity and usually sited at a sheet
of shallow water near a village. The indigenous water-birds of India
begin to nest soon after the first heavy rains, and since the onset
of the monsoon varies with region, the same species of water-bird
breed at somewhat different times in deifferent parts of the country.
By and large the native water-birds nest from about mid- July at
the earliest to October at the latest. The migrants arrive in the
cold weather, from September onwards.
The chief water-birds nesting in sanctuaries in India are:
Grey Pelicans, Painted Storks, little Cormorant, large Indian Shag,
large Cormorant, Indian Darter or 'snake bird', Grey Heron, Purple
Heron, Pond Heron or Paddy bird, off-white Cattle Egret (plumage
mace-coloured when breeding) and the Night Heron.
The true egrets, dazzling white, sometimes breed in very small
colonies outside sanctuaries, but are to be found in most sanctuaries
breeding along with the other birds. These are the Eastern Large
Egret with yellowish bill and black legs and feet, exquisitely dissected
nuptial plumes at the breast and lower bacck and the Little Egret
with black bill and legs, with a yellowish patch over the feet and
two strap-like plumes on the back of the head when breeding.
The colourful Painted Stork and the Openbill breed at most mixed
heronries. The Painted Stork is not to be found in many sanctuaries
in the south, though it also breeds in the south. Both the elegant
Whitenecked Stork and the much larger Blacknecked Stork are shy
and not gregarious. They may be seen at some sanctuaries and breed
atop tall trees in and around sanctuaries. In some places, as in
Assam, the Lesser Adjutant also breeds in tall trees.
The White Ibis and the Spoonbill, which develops a thick nuchal
crest when breeding, are common in most sanctuaries and are among
the earliest breeders.
Ducks breeding in the country include the Spotbill and the Nakta
or Comb Duck, and the little Cotton Teal.
The Sarus is India's only indigenous crane, and breeds in and around
sanctuaries in northern India.
The Little Grebe (dabchick), rails, crakes, the Indian Moorhen,
the Purple Moorhen, the Pheasant-tailed and Bronzewinged Jacanas,
the Redwattled Lapwing, and some other waterbirds area also to be
found at these sanctuaries.
Among the great and varied numbers of migratory water-birds and
waterside birds visiting pools and lakes in India are: the White
or Rosy, the Dalmatian Pelicans, the White and Black Storks, Greylag
and Barheaded Geese, Ruddy Shelduck (Brahminy Duck), Pintail, Teals,
Mallard, Gadwall, Garganey, Shoveller, Pochards and other ducks,
Common, Siberian and Demoiselle Cranes, plovers and sandpipers,
gulls and terns and other waterside birds.
Water-bird Sanctuaries
- Aredu Pelicanry (Grey Pelicans) | Andhra Pradesh
- Kaziranga Pelicanry (Grey Pelicans) | Assam
- Manas - Water-birds | Assam
- Nal Sarovar - Migratory and indigenous birds | Gujarat
- Sultanpur - Migratory and indigenous birds | Haryana
- Ranganathittoo - Mixed heronry | Karnataka
- Periyar - Water-birds, not nesting | Kerala
- Shivpuri - Water-birds, not nesting | Madhya Pradesh
- Borivilli, Taroba - Water-birds, not nesting | Maharashtra
- Chilka Lake - Migratory and indigenous birds | Orissa
- Keoladeo Ghana - A great mixed heronry | Rajasthan
- Point Calimere - Flamingos, other migrants and local water-birds
| Tamil Nadu
- Vedanthangal - Mixed heronry | Tamil Nadu
Check out also:
National Parks in India
Bird Sanctuaries in India
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