Periyar National Park
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The Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary at Thekkady in Kerala, is one of
the 16 Project Tiger Reserves in India. About a century ago, a British
engineer, Col. J. Pennycuick, chalked out a plan to dam the Periyar
River, subsequently, a dam was constructed in 1895. This resulted
in the adjoining forests being granted protection, by the Maharaja
of Travancore. The 55 sq km reservoir and the surrounding forests,
provide protection to the animals within. Today, Periyar is undeniably,
one of the most impressive wildlife sanctuaries in the world.
The terrain is basically hilly, and the only flat areas of the
sanctuary are the grasslands, at the edges of the lakes. Impregnable
forests and open grasslands make for a sustaining environment, for
both the carnivore and herbivore population of the reserve.
Periyar is famous for its pachyderm population, which is around
800 in number. Periyar is probably one of the few places, where
one can observe the elephants in their natural surroundings, uninterrupted,
and approach to within 20 metres of them, fearlessly. Unlike their
African counterparts, Indian female elephants have no tusks. Very
few of the all - bulls, too, have tusks, a sad comment on the intense
level of poaching in the country. Apart from elephants, the other
animals to be seen in the sanctuary are gaur, wild pigs, sambar,
barking deer, mouse deer, dhole (Indian wild dog) and very rarely,
a tiger. There are, now, an estimated 40 tigers here. Four species
of primates are found at Periyar - the rare lion-tailed macaque,
the Nilgiri langur, common langur and bonnet macaque. Periyar also
happens to be the habitat of the elusive Nilgiri tahr, which is
rarely to be see.
The birdlife comprises of darters, cormorants, kingfishers, great
hornbills (the great Malabar hornbill) and racket-tailed drongoes.
The reptilian population boasts of monitor lizards, that can be
spotted basking in the sun, on the rocks along the lakeshore, especially
in the cooler months. Pythons, king cobras, flying lizards, flying
squirrels, flying snakes and to top it all, flying frogs are the
other inhabitants of this amazing sanctuary.
There are a few fascinating tribal villages around the Periyar,
primarily the Manan and Oorali tribes. The Manans are ace fishermen,
and a few of them still indulge in the traditional, if dangerous,
practice of collecting the honey of large and deadly hill bees.
The Ooralis build tree dwellings, though not as residences, but
watch-towers to keep wild pigs, and elephants from ruining their
crops.
Periyar is a sanctuary only traversed by boat, which annuls the
chances of traffic noise, and dust. With special permission, one
can boat to the source of the Periyar Lake, the Periyar river. This
area falls at the heart of the sanctuary, not usually open to visits,
and the rest house located there, is known as Thannikudi. The sloth
bear is a common sight at Thannikudi, and tigers, too, prefer this
area, as it is far removed from the main park area, hence, peaceful.
On the whole, visiting the Periyar Sanctuary is a delightful and
enlightening experience, one that should not be missed for the world.
When to visit
The best time to visit Periyar is between October and April.
How to get there
The nearest town is Kumily (4 km).
By road: Periyar is connected by bus service from Thiruvananthapuram
(271 km), Cochin (200 km), Kottayam (114 km), and Madurai (140 km).
By rail : The nearest railhead is Kottayam on the Ernakulam-Thiruvananthapuram
line.
Where to stay
Periyar House, Aranya Niwas, in the tourist complex area, and Lake
Palace at Edapalayam, alongwith several forest rest houses are the
available means of accomodation.
Contact
Field Director, Project Tiger, Kanjikuzhi, Kottayam, Kerala.
Check out also:
National Parks in India
Bird Sanctuaries in India
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